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Characterization of Nanomaterials

20 mins read

Modern nanotechnology has evolved rapidly due to the increased access across the world to characterization techniques that allows use the see shapes of nanomaterials and nanostructures and study their various properties. Many such techniques have overlapping or complementary characteristics. The interactive graphic below summarizes this information.

The information displayed as the interactive graph can also be seen in the table below.

Characterization Techniques by Property

Property Technique Comment (Sample Types)
3D ImagingAFMSolid (flat samples, soft matter)
Atomic ArrangementTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
Atomic-Scale StructureSTMConductive solids (atomic flatness)
Chemical BondsFTIRSolid or surface-bound organics
Chemical CompositionRamanSolid (powder or films)
Chemical EnvironmentNMRSolution phase, soft matter, diamagnetic solids
Colloidal StabilityZeta PotentialLiquid suspensions (colloids)
ConcentrationUV-VisLiquid suspensions, plasmonic particles
CrystallinityTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
CrystallinityXRDPowder, thin films, crystalline solids
DefectsRamanSolid (powder or films)
DefectsTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
Elemental CompositionEDS/EDXSolid (with SEM/TEM)
Elemental MappingEDS/EDXSolid (with SEM/TEM)
Electronic PropertiesSTMConductive solids (atomic flatness)
Functional GroupsFTIRSolid or surface-bound organics
Grain SizeXRDPowder, thin films, crystalline solids
Hydrodynamic DiameterDLSLiquid suspensions
Internal StructureSAXSNanoparticles in solution
Internal StructureTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
Lattice ParametersXRDPowder, thin films, crystalline solids
Ligand InteractionsNMRSolution phase, soft matter, diamagnetic solids
Mechanical PropertiesAFMSolid (flat samples, soft matter)
Molecular VibrationsRamanSolid (powder or films)
MorphologySEMSolid (thin films, powders)
Optical PropertiesUV-VisLiquid suspensions, plasmonic particles
Particle SizeSEMSolid (thin films, powders)
Particle SizeTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
Particle SizeUV-VisLiquid suspensions, plasmonic particles
Particle Size DistributionDLSLiquid suspensions
Phase IDXRDPowder, thin films, crystalline solids
PorosityBETPowdered solids, porous materials
RoughnessAFMSolid (flat samples, soft matter)
ShapeSEMSolid (thin films, powders)
ShapeTEMSolid (thin sections, nanoparticles)
ShapeSAXSNanoparticles in solution
SizeSAXSNanoparticles in solution
Solid-State StructureXRDPowder, thin films, crystalline solids
Surface AreaBETPowdered solids, porous materials
Surface ChemistryFTIRSolid or surface-bound organics
Surface ChargeZeta PotentialLiquid suspensions (colloids)
Surface CompositionXPSSolid surfaces (thin films, coatings)
Surface Coating ThicknessXPSSolid surfaces (thin films, coatings)
Surface TopographyAFMSolid (flat samples, soft matter)
TextureAFMSolid (flat samples, soft matter)
TopographySEMSolid (thin films, powders)

Here is a further mindmap representation of various characterization techniques

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